Similarities Of Characters In Lord Of The Flies And Farenhite 451 :: Comparative Literature

In Fahrenheit(postnominal) 451 and Lord of the Flies, the characters be alike in some ways. In Fahrenheit 451 the characters are Montag, Faber, Clarisse, and Beatty. In Lord of the Flies the characters are Ralph, Piggy, Simon and Jack. Jack and Beatty, Ralph and Montag, Simon and Clarisse, and Piggy and Faber all have some similarities. Jack and beatty both want to take oblige over e preciseone and sells fear. Ralph and Montag want to move on and find a better plan to make everything work. Simon and Clarisse are Christ-figures. Piggy and Faber are very intellectual and are wise men. The intensitys may contain different story lines but have very similar types of characters.In Fahrenheit 451 the main characters are Montag, Faber, Clarisse, and Beatty. Montag is someone who knows what he wants and what he wants is change. He is a fireman who suddenly realizes the emptiness of his life and starts to search for meaning in the books he is supposed to be burning. Though he is som etimes rash and has a hard time thinking for himself, he is determined to break free from the oppression of ignorance. He quickly forms unusually pixilated attachments with anyone who seems receptive to true friendship. At first, Montag believes that he is happy. He thinks this because of the question that Clarisse asks him. When he views himself in the firehouse mirror after a night of burning, he grins the bumpy grin of all men singed and driven back by flame. His biggest regret in life is not having a better relationship with his wife. Faber is a very wise and intellectual man. He readily admits that the current state of society is due to the cowardice of people like himself, who would not speak out against book burning when they still could have stopped it. He berates himself for being a coward, but he shows himself capable of acts that require great courage and place him in considerable danger. Clarisse seems to always be of in her own world. She was a beautiful sevente en-year-old who introduces Montag to the worlds potential for beauty and meaning with her gentle innocence and curiosity. She is an outcast from society because of her shady habits, which include hiking, playing with flowers, and asking questions. She asks questions such as, Are you happy?

John Adams by David McCullough Essays -- Biography John Adams McCullou

John Adams, by David McCulloughThe book, John Adams, by David McCullough, is a powerfully written biography of one(a) of our nations greatest heroes. This biography explores Adams feeling in great depth, unveiling a side to his life unbeknownst to those who have never studied his life in great detail. Through daybook entries, letters, and various otherwise documents, the reader grasps a sense of what Adams day to day life was like, and is also able to grasp the enormity of his lifetime accomplishments.In the date for independence from Great Britain, the founding forefathers of our country came together, uniting for a common cause they would end up fighting for with their lives. Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Samuel Adams, James Madison, black lovage Hamilton, and many others take part of this panoramic chronicle of Adams life, all coming together because of their devotion to their country. In particular(prenominal), of these men, Thomas Jefferson espe cially is exposed, and his relationship with Adams is explored, as it is a crucial fluctuating one. Though born opposites, they forge a relationship as diplomats, and as close friends, only after meeting and on the job(p) together, however. In a letter to James Madison, before Jefferson first went to France to work with Adams, he likens him to a poisonous weed. After becoming great friends in Paris, however he writes back to Madison, He is so amiable that I pronounce you will love him if ever you become acquainted with him. Later on though, as the approach of political parties comes into being, and during the intense struggle for the presidency of the election of 1800, the two become archrivals. Incredibly, after this, they become close friends once again, and amazingly die on the analogous day. The other relationship described in great detail was that which he shared with his wife, Abigail Adams. Through all the times he spent away from her, working arduously for the freedom he w as so determined to secure for the thirteen colonies, they stayed strongly attached, and wrote numerous letters to one another, many of which are shared. He writes to her bit in Congress, one time sharing with her, We live, my dear soul, in an age of trial. What will be the consequence, I know not. She encourages him, giving him her approval and support, in one letter writing, You cannot be, I know, ... ... to the realness of this man. This book was first published in 2001, in New York. Though probably released before the September 11 attacks, it is assurable that if it had been released after, the bring correlation of the American hero would be made of John Adams. I think that the authors goal, in writing this book, is to present the reality of this particular co-revolutionary, which through all the primary documents especially, he was very successful in doing. The single most memorable thing that I learned about were the relationships that Adams had, with other familiar names. This book had really helped me to understand the happenings that went on in the life period of Adams, but also really just how all these historical co-revolutionaries and foundation Fathers were all related. On a whole, I found that the scholarly reviews of this book were very positive. Most of the responses of other scholars were those of praise and commendation on such a great book, an interesting and valid view on the life of John Adams. Works CitedGelles, Edith. The Adams Phenomenon. November 2001. http//www2.h-net.msu.edu/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=284001005599191.(05 January 2002)

Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye :: essays research papers

H ageden Caulfield can be analyzed through his thoughts, actions and circumstances which surround his everyday life. Holden acts like a careless teenager. Holden has been to some(prenominal) prep-schools, all of which he got kicked out of for failing classes. After being kicked out of the latest, Pency Prep, he went off to New York on his own. Holden seems to have a motivation chore which apparently affects his reasoning. The basis of his reasoning comes from his thoughts. Holden thinks the world is full of a bunch of phonies. All his toughs about people he meets are negative. The only good thoughts he has are about his sister Phoebe and his dead brother Alley. Holden, perhaps, wishes that everyone, including himself, should be like his brother and sister. That is to be intelligent, real and loving. Holdens problem is with his heart. It was broken when his brother died. Now Holden goes around the world as his fake self, wearing his mask. Holden is looking for love, peace and unde rstanding. He is scared to love because he is afraid he tycoon lose it like he did with his brother. That is the reason for Holdens love of the museum, he feels safe because it never changes it always stays the same. Holden is troubled with the pain of death, it effects every persuasion of his life causing him to not care about the future, himself or anyone, except Phoebe and Alley.The theme of alienation is demonstrated by Holden. He alienates himself from the world because he fears change and false people, he wants love and security. Holden alienates himself from all the changes that occur around him. Holden isolated himself when he didnt go down to the seats for the final football endorse at Pency. He isolates himself because he gets kicked out of all the schools he goes to. All those changes scare Holden off, he becomes afraid to feel secure. Holden also alienates himself because he trusts no one, he thinks everybody is phony. When Holden was in a bar and he lied and said he had to go, just to not talk to his brothers old girl friend Holden thought she was temper and left the bar even though he didnt feel like it. Holden is also alienated by his inability to love. Holden seems not to care about his old girlfriend Sally, he told her he loved her but he didnt mean it.

Sound Technique in a Sequence from Godards Alphaville :: Godard Alphaville Essays

Sound proficiency in a Sequence from Godards AlphavilleWhat is love? It is an abstract concept, a feeling, a sensibility. Perhaps it is impossible to explain without defining it through and through observable examples. In film, this is a lot the way in which the concept of love is explored definition is established through the words, the looks, and the touches of couples who are engaged in love relationships that are identified as much(prenominal) by a narration. However, such definitions are bound within the level spaces in which they are established they do non convey a general understanding of what love is. In order to develop a more than general definition of the concept, a film must illustrate and discuss it in a manner that transcends narrative boundaries. A eon in Godards Alphaville does this very successfully. Various formal techniques, particularly in the sound track, are occupied to remove this sequence from the narrative flow, and the news of love that takes place in this part of the film occupies a space that is shared between the characters, filmmaker, and viewer. The context of this discussion is such that the definition of love is granted a generic currency. The sequence serves as an interlude in the diegesis of the film in which the filmmaker attempts to explore and verbalise a universal truth. The interlude begins with silence. This is the major feature that distinguishes the sequence from the oddment of the film as Natasha turns her gaze to the window all ambient sound dies down, and as it diminishes, so too does the sense of narrative space that has been maintained up until this moment. At this point we experience a suspension of our presence within the narrative space, and we are relocated to a position of distant observation. Soon, a muliebritys spokesperson begins to utter lines of poetry. We assume it to be the voice of Natasha, although we do not see her speaking. The voice is rhythmic and languid, and it bes to be very clo se to us. The voice gives the impression of direct address it seems to be speaking to us. This sense is supported by the images that compose the visual track in these, no listener is identified. The images seem to illustrate the information being presented in the audio track. Shots of Natasha and Lemmy are edited in concert and lit in such a way that they seem to melt down and reappear in a rhythm that mirrors the verbal pulse of the voiceover Light that goes open that returns.Sound Technique in a Sequence from Godards Alphaville Godard Alphaville EssaysSound Technique in a Sequence from Godards AlphavilleWhat is love? It is an abstract concept, a feeling, a sensibility. Perhaps it is impossible to explain without defining it through observable examples. In film, this is often the way in which the concept of love is explored definition is established through the words, the looks, and the touches of couples who are engaged in love relationships that are identified as such by a na rrative. However, such definitions are bound within the narrative spaces in which they are established they do not convey a general understanding of what love is. In order to develop a more general definition of the concept, a film must illustrate and discuss it in a manner that transcends narrative boundaries. A sequence in Godards Alphaville does this very successfully. Various formal techniques, particularly in the sound track, are employed to remove this sequence from the narrative flow, and the discussion of love that takes place in this part of the film occupies a space that is shared between the characters, filmmaker, and viewer. The context of this discussion is such that the definition of love is granted a generic currency. The sequence serves as an interlude in the diegesis of the film in which the filmmaker attempts to explore and express a universal truth. The interlude begins with silence. This is the major feature that distinguishes the sequence from the rest of the fi lm as Natasha turns her gaze to the window all ambient sound dies down, and as it diminishes, so too does the sense of narrative space that has been maintained up until this moment. At this point we experience a suspension of our presence within the narrative space, and we are relocated to a position of distant observation. Soon, a womans voice begins to utter lines of poetry. We assume it to be the voice of Natasha, although we do not see her speaking. The voice is rhythmic and languid, and it seems to be very close to us. The voice gives the impression of direct address it seems to be speaking to us. This sense is supported by the images that compose the visual track in these, no listener is identified. The images seem to illustrate the information being presented in the audio track. Shots of Natasha and Lemmy are edited together and lit in such a way that they seem to disappear and reappear in a rhythm that mirrors the verbal pulse of the voiceover Light that goeslight that retur ns.

Progressivism Essays -- essays research papers

Progressivism implies a philosophy which welcomes innovations and reforms in the political, economic, and social order. The Progressive movement, 1901 to 1917, was eventually the triumph of conservatism rather than a victory for liberalism. In a general sense, the conservative goals of this period justified the Liberal reforms enacted by Progressive leading. Deviating from the traditional definition of conservatism (a resistance to convince and a disposition of hostility to innovations in the political, social, and economic order), the Conservatist triumph was in the sense that there was an effort to maintain basic social and economic dealings vital to a capitalist participation. The Progressive leaders essentially wanted to perpetuate Liberal reform in order to bring upon general conservatism. expansion of the federal governments powers, competition and economic distri only whenion of wealth, and the social welfare of American citizens concerned the many leaders of this era. The business influence on politics was quite significant of the Progressive Era. Not only did the three leading Progressive political figures, Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson, bring upon new heights to government regulation, but also the great business leaders of this era defined the units of political intervention. With political capitalism rising to fame, Progressive politics experienced new themes and areas. The inevitability of federal regulation policies, reformation of social welfare, conservation, and various innovations with banking led to peerless conservative effort the preservation of existing powers and economic/social relations. The political leaders of this ear were conservative in that they all believed in the fundamentals of basic capitalism. The various forms of anti-trust legislation presented by each president made the nation one step closer to providing a stable, predictable, and secure, therefore, conservative capitalist society. Theodore Roosevelts statist tendenc ies brought new meaning to government regulation. Roosevelts Anti-Trust policy of 1902 pledged government intervention to luckiness up illegal monopolies and regulate corporations for the public good. Roosevelt felt that bad trusts threatened competition and markets. in order to restore free competition, President Roosevelt ordered the justness department to prosecute corporations pursing monopolistic pr... ...ed and are Liberal indeed. However, the Liberal reforms reinforced the original conservative goals. Business and political leaders accepted the growing competition. Laissez faire, eat up Liberalism, hardly ever existed and will not appear in the near future. Political capitalism, by definition from Gabriel Kolko (author of The Triumph of Conservatism), is the utilization of political outlets to attain conditions of stability, predictability, and security department in the economy. The fact that federal regulation of the economy was conservative in its effect in preserving existing power and economic relations in society shows that federal regulation in the economy was conservative as well. Through the many antitrust acts and various economic and social policies, the Progressive Era ultimately operated on the assumption that the general welfare of the community could be best served by satisfying the concrete needs of business. The big business and business leaders influenced the regulation and the government worked for the people, promoting competition and decentralization. Hence, the Progressive movement served to preserve original goals, not reform society with Liberalism.

Components of Open Marriage & Polyamory and the Ethics Thereof Essay

In America, the values of monogamous, heterosexual sexual union are drilled into the fabric of the society so much so that the prospect of any other setup becomes virtually unthinkable. However, in an ever-evolving semiosphere, these other setups are emerging from their hiding place in order to ensure a forefront spot in contemporary culture and establish themselves as legitimate life-styles. Education and understanding become paramount as novel ideas and formations appear, necessitating tolerance and even acceptance. One of these new formations is whats known as an open marriage, in which unmatched or both members of a dichotomous marriage seek sexual satisfaction through extraneous partners. Anyone who has ever truly invested their emotions in a relationship might look at this setup with a skeptical, even disgusted eye, and wonder how the marriage could last when sexual exclusivity is not maintained, but regardless, an estimated 6% of married couples are involved in open m arriages and are perfectly content to be. While many of todays adherents are aging swingers from the old school, a new generation - well organized and committed to legitimizing a lifestyle -- continues to push traditional notions of marital fidelity by having sex with people other than their spouses (Goldman). A second lifestyle is called polyamory, meaning many loves. In these relationships, one or more members will jointly date and establish emotional connections with other people. Their original lover is called their primary, while everyone else is considered secondary. Polys as participants are sometimes called seek to experiment with humans seemingly endless capacity for love and pursue deeper forms of self-discovery. Originally, marriage ex... ...nd Koray Tanfer, comps. Journal of Marriage and the Family Sexual Exclusivity Among Dating, Cohabiting, and Married Women. Brigham youngish University, Battelle Memorial Institute. 10 May 2008 Betsworth, Roger G. Social Ethics an Examination of American Moral Traditions. 1st ed. Westminster John Knox P, 1990. 99-103.Goldman, Russell. Are Open Marriages More Successful? first rudiment News. 10 Aug. 2007. 07 May 2008 .Hesse, Monica. Pairs with Spares. Washington Post. 13 Feb. 2008. 07 May 2008 .ONeill, Nena, and George ONeill. Open Marriage a New Life Style for Couples. Avon Books / the Hearst Corporation, 1973.

About Belonging

Lairds stories show that all people face challenges no matter where they live In the man. Do you agree? Having a smell of belonging is important for everyone and Lairds short stories, Interpreter of Maladies describe the problems people face when they feel isolated. She sets many of her short stories In the States and describes the difficulties that some immigrants face when confronted with a new culture, gender expectations or crisis.She also demonstrates, however, how others readily adapt and embrace their new lifestyle. Nonetheless Chumps Lair uses a diverse range of characters to illustrate the human need to feel belonged to one self to others, to feel accepted and have a place to belong. Between the gild short stories that Chumps Lair has written she has set up a range of main characters facing similar problems contrasting their opposite living styles but comparison the fact that they have problems.Lair wants to explain that everyone can face problems. One of her challenge s she has developed with In the short stones Is the demand of a sense of belonging. In when Mr. Pravda moms to dine The first-person speaker unit is a ten-year- darkened girl, Lila. Lila faces a problem when she finds herself caught mingled with the traditions of her parents and American. Her mother understands that Lila Is American We live here now, she was born here (p. 26) ? and has little understanding of the politics of India and Pakistan.Yet, something still fascinates Lila about her parents homeland. This perplexity Lair has developed in her narrator was to demonstrate how important it is to someone to have a sense of belonging to a place and without that feeling they grow lost and confused. Alular has revealed feeling a sense of belonging to a place through a young girl and also through an old Indian lady. By comparing Lairds short stories, It illustrates the struggles people face when they have a loss of belonging to a place, or others.Similar to All In when Mr. marau der came to dine Mrs. Seen in the story by the same name, folds herself lost in a different culture and Is unwilling to adapt to that culture. Mrs. Seen is an old Indian muliebrity who came to America living In one country for most of her life she feels a sense of belonging to that culture and no matter where she goes she refuses to change her expectations repayable to the place she is in. This inability to conform to her new society is shown by her inability and unwillingness to learn how to drive.Her separation from the culture she is living in is shown when she is on a bus with a bloodlines bag (p. 132) full of fish and a woman with a crisp white bag from the drugstore (p. 132) tells the bus driver. Mrs. Seen Is living In a world where blood and the real world are ever- present, a distinct contrast with the antiseptic world of America. Lair Illustrate the same problem of being oblige to adapt and change to survive In another culture with another old Indian woman.In a real Dur ban nestling ma works in America and wishes to have a sense of belonging with that country and culture which is unlike Mrs. Seen who refuses to change. Lair wants to demonstrate a similar OFF in accepting change. Boor ma seeks to find belonging to a place but then is rejected due to the untrusting of another culture. We shared our coal, gave her a place to sleep, how could she rat us like this. P. 81 . Boor ma wishes to connect to a culture, to others as well as to a place. Not being accepted in any of those could create a loss f your true identity.Being confused about your identity is a universally human problem people face. some people try to find a sense of belonging within them. Being confused about your identity is a hard Journey to bring home the bacon a easygoing and true description of yourself. Lair illustrates this tough Journey In Sexy. Miranda tries on a number of identities in her search to feel comfortable within her. She recalls being exploited when she was young er however, the affair with Deep offers her hope that she can establish a new sense of self. Pressed her face against Dives engineers intertwined with hers p. 4 revealing the extent that Miranda was trying to steal someone elses identity and not seek her own. Lair explores the idea that identity, is something that must be hunted. We gain a sense of identity through family, society and culture. For the culturally displaced, this is a difficult endeavourer. The search for identity is universal. Chumps Lair has created a diverse collection of characters from young to the old and different cultures, to reveal that problems anyone can face are universal. One of the problems Chumps Lair has created is a universal human desire to belong.Unable to adapt to a different culture or not being accepted, is a tough challenge people face in order to have a sense of belonging. Being tied between two different cultures can spark confusion in where youre meant to belong. In addition trying to find a sense of belonging within themselves in a problem that faces many characters Chumps Lair has created. Ultimately Chumps Lairds key message is that anyone regardless of their culture, origin, age, or gender can face similar problems, which makes it harder for them to have a sense of belonging.

Black Power Movement Essay

The movement for Black office staff in the U.S. emerged from the civil rights movement in the early 1960s. Beginning in 1959, Robert F. Willams, president of the Monroe, North Carolina chapter of the NAACP, openly questioned the ideology of nonviolence and its domination of the movements strategy. Williams was supported by prominent leaders such as Ella bread maker and James Forman, and opposed by others, such as Roy Wilkins(the national NAACP chairman) and Martin Luther King.10 In 1961, Maya Angelou, Leroi Jones, and Mae Mallory led a riotous (and widely-covered) demonstration at the United Nations to protest the black lotion of Patrice Lumumba.1112 Malcolm X, national representative of the Nation of Islam, also launched an extended critique of nonviolence and integrationism at this time.After seeing the increasing militancy of blacks in the wake of the sixteenth Street Baptist Church bombing, and wearying of the domination of Elijah Muhammed over the Nation of Islam, Malcolm left that organization and engaged with the mainstream of the Civil Rights front. Malcolm was now open to voluntary integration as a long-term goal, but still supported armed self-defense, self-reliance, and black nationalism he became a simultaneous spokesman for the militant wing of the Civil Rights Movement and the non-separatist wing of the Black Power movement.An early manifestation of Black Power in popular culture was the performances given by Nina Simone at Carnegie Hall in March 1964, and the album In Concert which resulted from them. Simone mocked liberal nonviolence (Go Limp), and took a vengeful position toward white racists (Mississippi Goddamn and her alteration of Pirate Jenny). Historian Ruth Feldstein writes that, Contrary to the neat historical trajectories which suggest that black power came late in the decade and only later the successes of earlier efforts, Simones album makes clear that black power perspectives were already taking shape and circulating widelyin t he early 1960s.By 1966, about of SNCCs field staff, among them Stokely Carmichael (later Kwame Ture), were becoming critical of the nonviolent approach to confronting racism and inequalityarticulated and promoted by Martin Luther King, jr., Roy Wilkins, and other moderatesand rejected desegregation as aprimary objective.SNCCs base of support was generally younger and more working-class than that of the other Big Five14 civil rights organizations and became increasingly more militant and outspoken over time. From SNCCs point of view, racist people had no qualms about the use of violence against black people in the U.S. who would not go on in their place, and accommodationist civil rights strategies had failed to secure sufficient concessions for black people.citation needed As a result, as the Civil Rights Movement progressed, increasingly radical, more militant voices came to the fore to sharply challenge white hegemony. Increasing numbers of black youth, particularly, rejected their elders moderate path of cooperation, racial integration and assimilation. They rejected the notion of appealing to the publics conscience and religious creeds and took the tack articulated by another black activist more than a century before, abolitionist Frederick Douglass, who wroteThose who profess to favor freedom, and provided depreciate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground. They want rain without thunder and lightning. They want the ocean without the awful roar of its many waters. Power concedes nothing without demand. It never did and it never will.Most early 1960s civil rights leaders did not believe in physically violent retaliation. However, much of the black rank-and-file, and those leaders with strong working-class ties, tended to compliment nonviolent action with armed self-defense. For instance, prominent nonviolent activist Fred Shuttlesworth of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (and a leader of the 1963 Birmingham campaig n), had worked closely with an armed defense group that was led by Colonel Stone Johnson. As Alabama historian Frye Gaillard writes,these were the kind of men Fred Shuttlesworth admired, a reverberate of the toughness he aspired to himselfThey went armed during the Freedom Rides, for it was one of the realities of the civil rights movement thathowever nonviolent it may have been at its heart, there was always a current of any means necessary, as the black power advocates would say later on.During the March Against Fear, there was a division between those aligned with Martin Luther King, Jr. and those aligned with Carmichael, marked by their respective slogans, Freedom Now and Black Power.While King never endorsed the slogan, his rhetoric sometimes came close to it. In his 1967 record book Where Do We Go From Here?, King wrote that power is not the white mans birthright it will not be legislated for us and delivered in neat government packages.

Business Plan for Early Childhood Development

work Plan of Early Childhood ontogeny Center in Gilgit Balistan Glowing cliff fostering Center (GPEC) Prepargond By Muniba Islam (Registration No. 55093) Najumus Sehar (Registration No. 55226) Kanwal Gill (Registration No. 54468) Contents AKNOWLEGMENT3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY4 INTERNAL RESOURCE summary5 ?Resources5 ?Capabilities7 EXTERNAL surroundings ANALYSIS8 1. 1. common ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS8 a. Demographics8 b. Economic Segment9 c. Socio Culture Segment10 d. Environmental Segment18 1. 2. INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS19 . 3. C OMPETITOR E NVIRONMENT A NALYSIS28 AKNOWLEGMENT Firstly we would thank Allah for giving us the opportunity and the resources to be able to do something productive with our lives. With appear His blessings we would not have been able to come as far as we have. Then our sincere thanks to SIR ADNAN ANWAR helping us throughout this report. His guidelines have been very useful for us in preparing this report. This report would not have been possible without his cooperation and continuous direction.I would like to express my gratitude to my facilitator SIR ADNAN ANWAR whose continuous encour successionment and support to solve the case. This report has enabled us to apply all that we studied in secern and gave us the chance to enhance our knowledge. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This start involves establishing a Montessori take in big cities of GILGAT BALISTAN, starting classes from early childhood reading to associate I. The manoeuver market of this school is children, 0 6 historic period of senesce, belonging to the middle income group and excessively target works woman.The school go forth provide whole tone development starting at the primary level charging an affordable fee. The school willing practice advanced educational procedures teaching an extensive curriculum and using modern teaching methodology in correct with international standards. Qualified and experienced faculty will be hired. The school will have sophisticated infr astructural facilities, spacious classrooms, and wide-ranging learning material from books to toys for a good educational experience.Schools with risque dis couch have a stringent admission selection process, for which, Montessori schools provide the necessary training. This has given rise to naughty necessity for Montessori school systems that roll in the hay prep atomic number 18 children for admission to reputable primary election schools. With the ontogenesis tribe and a limited number of schools, establishment of elementary schools has become a requirement for necessary educational training starting at an early age. The total project salute for setting up this school is estimated at Rs. illion out of which the Capital Cost is estimated at Rs. 2. 0 million. The overall proposed capacity of the school is 300 students. Each class level from Early Childhood development (ECD) Class I has two to four sections. The maximum number of enrollments per class is limited to 20 students from ECD till KG II and 30 students for class I. The proposed building will be acquired by stimulate, covering an approximately bea of building is 500 SQM to accommodate the proposed student strength. INTERNAL RESOURCE ANALYSIS * Resources Tangible ResourcesResource description Source LAND 500 Square Yard take BUILDING 10 Bed room house OWN INITIAL WORKING bully Rs. 2. 0 Million SAVING IT- EQUIPMENT 5 LAPTOPS, Audio & Music accessories OWN ECD REQUIRED MATERIAL Chairs, tables, book storage, carpets, cribs, Block play accessories, Strollers and other ECD postulate materials OWN Intangible Resources Resource comment HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCE * expertness in early childhood development and Montessori directors (best knowledge in children psychology). Expertise of variant area like MBA Education Leadership, MBA HRM, MBA-Marketing * association of local business milieus (specially small and medium business) INNOVATION RESOURCE * Innovative ideas to analyze business re quirements with specialized computer software program tools * Variety of ideas to develop complex business software * Innovative ideas to educational products REPUTATIONAL RESOURCE Reputation for exceptional customer/ parents * Having good reputation with educational function due to affordable embody.Reputation with universities * Good reputation with educational institutes and teachers training and management institutes for competent young graduates resources for cheap source of input Reputation with universities * Good reputation in educational industry TRAINING RESOURCE * Expertise in child growth and development * skill in cognitive development * Knowledge of health safety and nutrition * Personal management * Capabilities Functional Area Resources Capabilities PROJECT FEASIBILITY Montessori directors and educational professional / ECD required materials / Computer equipment and building Business plan for early childhood development center and its impact on into children de velopment centers profitability REQUIRED EDUCATIONAL STAFF Montessori directors and educational professional / Innovative resources/ ECD required materials / Computer equipments Art of translating business requirements into children development center for maximum customer/ parents satisfaction MARKETING Marketers Promoting and marketing children development center and also promotes the teacher training program TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAM Training professionals * Expertise in child growth and development * Skill in cognitive development * Knowledge of health safety and nutrition * Personal management * Financial management * Excellent Relationship with parents and children EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS 2. 1. GENERAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS a. Demographics macrocosm by Age Groups Pakistan Projection (000s) AGE GROUP 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 contribute M+F clv,772 173,383 192,262 211,397 229,377 246,272 MALES 0? 4 9,562 11,886 12,429 12,711 12,350 12,062 5? 9 10,047 9,287 11,631 12,205 12,513 12,180 10? 4 10,130 9,936 9,210 11,554 12,133 12,446 15? 19 9,897 10,047 9,878 9,161 11,503 12,084 20? 24 7,885 9,767 9,958 9,801 9,089 11,428 25? 29 6,240 7,729 9,655 9,859 9,706 9,001 30? 34 5,077 6,099 7,627 9,555 9,763 9,617 35? 39 4,460 4,957 6,008 7,536 ,459 9,673 40? 44 4,042 4,349 4,869 5,919 7,440 9,354 45? 49 3,465 3,926 4,249 4,770 5,812 7,320 50? 54 2,796 3,331 3,795 4,120 4,637 5,664 55? 59 2,035 2,633 3,155 3,609 3,932 4,440 60? 64 1,543 1,854 2,416 2,911 3,346 3,662 65? 9 1,199 1,341 1,625 2,133 2,587 2,992 70? 74 841 973 1, cytosine 1,346 1,782 2,179 75+ 921 1,077 1,271 1,482 1,796 2,315 TOTAL 80,140 89,190 98,874 108,670 117,849 126,417 Source World Banks World Development Indicators (WDI) database * Age structure * 0-14 age35. 4% (male 34,093,853/ pistillate 32,278,462) * 6. 5% creation lies in the age group of 0-5yrs * 15-64 social classs60. % (male 58,401,016/ womanish 54,671,873) * 65 days and over4. 2% (male 3,739,647/ young-bearing(prenomina l) 4,157,870) Interpretation * 60% of population falls under age of 35 means double market of young people and approx. 36% teen-ager have niche market for childhood development center. * potents and females constitutes around 51%, 49 % of the population respectively. * Population is migration from out layish areas to urban to seek better stinting opportunities. * Population growth stride is 1. 57% per year. b. Economic Segment Interpretations * Inflation is the major factor of weak economic condition of Pakistan * cod to high discount lay out local enthronement has been educed to around 50% * Government borrowing from private sector has created the liquidity scranch in the financial sector * exercising status shows marginal changes i. e. decrease in the comparative profiles of employees and self-importance-employed workers while increase in the case of employers. * Due to week investment in large sector SME sector is growing at rapid pace * GDP growth at around 2. 4 % due t o devastating flood c. Socio Culture Segment Interpretations * Pakistan is the 10th largest country in the world according to the size of the diligence force * In 200809, the estimated labor force grew by 3. % * The growth in female labor force was greater than male labor force and consequently the increase in female employment was greater * The increase in self-employed souls as well as unpaid family workers indicates that activities at the mansion level are increasing * Population is migration from rural areas to urban to seek better economic opportunities * Pakistan is the most urbanized nation in South Asia making up 36% of its population, (2008) Urbanization rate is 3% (2005? 10). * Urban population in Pakistan will constitute 50% of the total. The rate of urbanization in Pakistan will continue to increases due to the past high growth rates. * More than 50% of urban population (2005) lived in cardinal urban areas Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Multan, Hyderabad, Gujranwala and Peshawar. Interpretations * 2008? 9, the estimated labor force grew by 3. 7%. * The growth in female labor force was greater than male labor force and consequently the increase in female employment was greater Population of Major Cities of Pakistan city 1981 1998 CAGR (%) 2010 KARACHI 9,339,023 5,208,132 3. 49 13,386,730 LAHORE 5,143,495 2,952,689 3. 32 7,214,954 FAISALABAD 2,008,861 1,104,209 3. 58 2, 912,269 RAWALPINDI 1,409,768 794,834 3. 43 2,013,876 MULTAN 1,197,384 732,070 2. 93 1,610,180 HYDERABAD 1,166,894 751,529 2. 62 1,521,231 GUJRANWALA 1,132,509 600,993 3. 79 1,676,357 PESHAWAR 982,816 566,248 3. 29 1,386,529 QUETTA 565,137 285,719 4. 09 871,643 ISLAMABAD 529,180 204,364 5. 7 972,669 Interpretations * In 1950, only 29. 8 % of people lived in urban areas whereas by 2020, an estimated 57% will live in c cities. * Karachi citys population is growing at about 5% per year including an estimated 45,000 migrant workers coming to the city every mon th. * Urban expansion can be the key to continuing economic success * It will unfold opportunities for investment in many new markets for example, infrastructure, transportation, healthcare, education and character building. Table Civilian jab Force, Employed and Unemployed for Pakistan (in millions) 03-04 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 Labor Force 45. 5 50. 05 50. 33 51. 78 53. 72 Employed 42 46. 95 47. 65 49. 09 50. 79 Unemployed 3. 5 3. 1 2. 68 2. 69 2. 93 Source Various issues of Labor Force Survey federal Bureau of Statistics Interpretations * Unemployment rate is higher as compared to the last statistics. * The change is due to female than male and urban than rural unemployment rates. Interpretations * Employment comprises all persons ten years of age and above who worked at least one hour during the reference period and were either paid employed or self-employed. The grok force is growing and the growth in FY09 is greater than that in FY 08. Table Employment Status by S ex (%) 2007? 08 2008? 09 Total anthropoid Female Total Male Female Employers 0. 9 1. 2 NA 1. 2 1. 5 0. 1 Self employed 34. 2 39. 6 12. 8 33. 3 38. 7 13. 1 Unpaid family Helpers 28. 9 19. 7 65. 0 29. 7 20. 2 65. 0 Employees 36. 0 39. 5 22. 2 35. 8 39. 6 21. 8 Total light speed. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 Interpretations * 2008? 09 employees increased both in rural and urban setting. * Employers almost remained the uniform during 2007? 08 and 2008? 09. * Self-employment increased in 2008? 09.This emphasizes the fact that in conventionalization of our sectors is taking place. * The increase in self-employed persons as well as unpaid family workers indicates that activities at the household level are increasing. * Employment status shows marginal changes i. e. decrease in the comparative profiles of employees and self? employed workers while increase in the case of employers Interpretations * The self? employed males have decreased while female self-employed has increas ed. * The increase in self-employed persons as well as unpaid family workers indicates that activities at the household level are increasing * Employment status shows marginal changes i. e. ecrease in the comparative profiles of employees and self-employed workers while increase in the case of employers. Interpretations * 45. 1% labour force is employed in agriculture. * 13. 6% labour force is employed in services. * 50% 0f population is residing in urban areas so emphasis will shift towards other sectors. Table Employed labour force by sector sector 2007-08 2008-09 total male female total male female Agriculture 44. 6 36. 9 75. 0 45. 1 37. 3 74. 0 Manufacturing 13. 0 13. 3 11. 8 13. 0 13. 3 11. 9 Construction 6. 3 7. 8 0. 4 6. 6 8. 3 0. 4 Transport 5. 5 6. 8 0. 2 5. 2 6. 6 0. 2 Services 13. 7 14. 4 10. 6 13. 66 11. 1 11. 6 Others 2. 3 2. 9 0. 2 0. 10 2. 9 0. 3Source Labour Force Survey 2008-09 Federal Bureau of statistics Interpretations * 11. 6% female and 11. 1% males are in s ervices, which indicate as compared to males females are more in service sector. * 24. 4% females are working in other sectors. * The growth in female labor force was greater than male labor force and consequently the increase in female employment was greater Table Employed-Pakistan and provinces Area/Province Employed 2007-08 2008-09 Total Male Female Total Male Female Pakistan 49. 09 39. 06 10. 03 50. 79 40. 04 10. 75 country-bred 34. 48 25. 79 8. 69 35. 54 26. 46 9. 09 Urban 14. 1 13. 27 1. 34 15. 25 13. 59 1. 66 Punjab 28. 97 22. 07 6. 9 29. 95 22. 68 7. 27 Sindh 12. 26 10. 43 1. 83 12. 72 10. 67 2. 05 KhyberPukhtoonkhua 5. 73 4. 65 1. 08 5. 97 4. 77 1. 2 Balochistan 2. 13 1. 91 0. 22 2. 15 1. 92 0. 23 Source Labour Force Survey 2008-09 Interpretations * This table gives a comparison surrounded by employment figures in FY 07-08 and 08-09 * The general thin out is a rise in employment in both rural and urban areas, and in both genders * Higher rate of rise is registered in P unjab as compared to other provinces Table Formal and Informal Sectors? scattering of non?Agriculture workers (%) Sector 2007-08 2008-09 Total male female total male female Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Formal 27. 2 27. 2 27. 4 26. 7 26. 6 27. 6 Informal 72. 8 72. 2 72. 6 73. 3 73. 4 72. 4 Rural 100 100 100 100 100 100 Formal 24. 9 25. 9 23. 2 23. 8 24 22. 2 Informal 75. 1 74. 1 76. 8 76. 2 76 77. 8 urban 100 100 100 100 100 100 formal 29. 5 29. 2 29. 4 29. 4 29. 1 32. 8 Informal 70. 5 70. 8 70. 6 70. 9 70. 9 67. 2 Source Labour Force Survey 2008? 09 Federal Bureau of Statistic Interpretations Large amount of in formalization is evident both in rude as well as non-agricultural sectors * In formalization is rising and that it is more pronounced in rural than urban areas. * According to gender, males are shifting from the formal sector so are females. d. Environmental Segment Interpretations * Pakistan is at high risk of climatic vulnerability which results in heavy floods in t he country and poses curse to agricultural sector 2. 2. INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS *Map may not be accurate or to scale . It is a mere delegacy Gilgit-Baltistan formerly known as the Northern Areas is the northernmost political entity within Pakistan. Gilgit-Baltistan covers an area of 72,971 km? (28,174 mi? ) and is highly mountainous . It has an estimated population approaching 1,000,000.Its administrative center is the city of Gilgit (population 216,760) Gilgit Baltistan is administratively divided into two divisions which, in turn, are divided into seven districts Division District Area (km? ) Population (1998) Headquarters Baltistan Ghanche 9,400 88,366 Khaplu Skardu 18,000 214,848 Skardu Gilgit Gilgit 39,300 383,324 Gilgit Diamir 10,936 131,925 Chilas Ghizar 9,635 120,218 Gahkuch Astore 8,657 71,666 Gorikot Hunza-Nagar Aliabad, Sikandarabad Gilgit-Baltistan totals 7 districts 72,971 970,347 Gilgit DEMOGRAPHICS OF GILGIT BALTISTAN * Population statistics for th e research are based on the Gilgit Population Censes carried out in 1998, according to which total population of Gilgit is approximately, 0. million * 85% of the total population lives in rural areas. * Gilgit Baltistan is traditionally male dominated, with women working primarily in the home or in agriculture. * Average household size is approximately eight people. Characteristics Gilgit Baltistan National Per capita Income US $350 US $1046 Literacy rate 38% 56% Population Doctor Ratio 14100 11183 Maternal Mortality rate 600/hundred thousand 272/100000 Total Fertility Rate 4. 6 children per woman 3 children per woman * The study reveals that the age structure of the population was typical of a fiat with a youthful population * . t shows a pyramidal age structure due to a large number of children less than 15 years of age * 52% of the population is in age group of 15-64 * Less than 4%were over 65 years of age. * About half of the total women population was in the rep roductive age group15-49 years. This is a major reason for population growth. * Education turned out to be an important factor influencing individuals attitude and approach on various aspects of life. Majority(77%) of married women in Gilgit Baltistan are not educated, * Despite this it is encouraging to note that a significant proportion (39%)of the women is set-aside(p) in gainful employment. CURRENT FERTILITY ASFR Urban Rural All Areas 5-19 44. 5 66. 2 58. 2 20-24 171. 7 219. 2 201. 1 25-29 245. 7 279. 5 267. 1 30-34 181. 1 218. 2 204. 7 35-39 73. 2 143. 1 119. 4 (NIPS Quarterly Newsletter issue no 9, march 2010) * Total fertility rate in Gilgit Baltistan is 4. 6 children per woman,whereas fertility rate in rural (5. 1 children per woman) is higher as compared to urban areas( 3. 8 children per woman). Education level is the most apparent divers(prenominal)ials in fertility. EDUCATION SECTOR SUMMARY We have selected the educational industry and analysis is as follows Legend Siz e of Industry Statistical Summary of Education Sector of Gilgit-Baltistan InstitutionsDistrict Primary Schools Middle Schools High Schools Colleges Boys Girls Co-Edu Total Boys Girls Co-Edu Total Boys Girls Co-Edu Total Boys Girls Co-Edu Total Gilgit 58 50 119 227 35 21 9 65 27 20 0 47 4 2 0 6 Ghizer 44 17 118 179 7 3 8 18 13 1 3 17 1 1 0 2 Diamer 128 18 25 171 21 0 0 21 8 1 0 9 1 0 0 1 Astore 46 21 49 116 19 11 0 30 13 2 1 16 1 0 0 1 Skardu 187 86 118 391 50 21 7 78 20 9 3 32 3 1 0 4 Ganche 57 30 112 199 17 11 4 32 20 3 1 24 1 0 0 1 Estimate * In Pakistan especially in Gilgat Balistan have very competitive environs of educational industry. * Many of organization and NGOs are working on this industry.Legend Industry growth Estimate * In Gilgat Balistan have chance for growth in educational industry. * Below 6 year education school are not available in Gilgat Balistan. Legend Employment growth Teachers District Primary Schools Middle Schools High Schools Colleges Grand Total M ale Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Gilgit 302 432 734 252 225 477 348 127 475 87 38 125 989 822 1811 Ghizer 226 245 471 122 15 137 156 10 166 15 0 15 519 270 789 Diamer 273 37 310 168 0 168 96 11 107 21 0 21 558 48 606 Astore 192 74 266 13 44 157 112 7 119 15 0 15 432 125 557 Skardu 564 385 949 239 99 338 108 24 132 38 22 60 949 530 1479 Ganche 252 148 400 155 44 199 244 21 265 15 0 15 666 213 879 Total 1809 1321 3130 1049 427 1476 1064 200 1264 191 60 251 4113 2008 6121 Emerging Trends in an Industry Trend Trend Nature Description 1 Level of education 2 Required for best teacher 3 4 Educational Statistics Gilgit-Baltistan Important information / Statistics Regarding the Education Sector of Gilgit-Baltistan Literacy Rate Year Male Female Both 1981 24% 3% 15% 1998 53% 22% 33% 2008 (Projected) 57% 27% 43% Teacher school-age child Ratio Level Institutions Teaching Staff Enrollment Student Teacher Ratio Govt.Schools 1672 5870 151508 126 Govt. Colleges 15 251 6233 125 Total 1687 6121 157741 126 District Wise Comparison (Government Vs Private) District Government Private Institutions Enrollment Institutions Enrollment Gilgit 345 43188 160 21070 Ghizer 216 18458 146 23303 Diamer 202 16457 11 1213 Astore 163 12610 29 2729 Skardu 505 44588 116 18575 Ganche 256 22440 70 6882 Total 1687 157741 532 73772 % age Govt. Vs Private 76% 68% 24% 32% 1) Threats of New Entrants Threats in education sector * Poverty Cost of education * Low enrolment and high dropout * Gender inequities Lack of availability of well-resourced educational existences * Geographical and cultural constraints * Lack of awareness about value of education * Reluctance of teachers to serve in herculean areas * Lack of special education institutions Threats of New Entrants Analysis Barriers to Entry Economies of Scale Product Differentiation Capital Requirement Switching Cost Access to Distribution Channel Cost disadv antages independent of scale Government Policy Interpretation * 73% has access to Primary Education * 27% are out of Schools age 5-9 Years * Dropout Rate is 9% at primary level * Projected literacy rate (64 Male, 38 Female )overall 51% * Student Teacher Ratio 1 23 5-9 Years Population( 92554 Male, 85942 Female) Total 178496 * 5-9 Years Enrolment ( 74638 Male, 55166 Female) Total 129804 * Children attending primary schools in Gilgit-Baltistan in 2009-10 is 73% where as 81% Boys and 64% Girls. 2) talk terms power of Buyer 3) Bargaining power of Supplier 4) Intensity of rivalry among adversarys Intensity of rivalry among competitors Analysis Numerous or Equally sense of equilibriumd Balance Competitors Fast Industry Growth High /low Fixed or Storage Cost Lack of Differentiation or Low Switching cost High Strategic Stakes High Exit Barriers 2. 3. C OMPETITOR E NVIRONMENT A NALYSISCompetitor Name Size of Competitor Specialization Product line categories calendered Star Med ium vocational training and middle school , vocational trained staff Mehnaz Fatima large montessori and special education, montessori trained Mountain School dinky montessori middle school, trained staff ECDC KU Small early childhood developmental center, montessori experienced teachers APS Large RESULTS FROM INTERNAL EXTERNAL ANALYSIS 2. 1. RESOURCES T O B UILD Intangible Resources HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCE * Marketing Research experts to conduct research for launching new software products for small and medium size segments * Accountants required to receive fees from parents ORGANIZATIONALRESOURCE * Management resources required to formulate organizational structure * SOP for school day to day business operations for creating exceptional value to parents or customers Access to the Promotional Platform * PR department to establish that requires people have exceptional PR with the exhibiting authorities, print and electronic media for promoting products on promotional li ne of work Tangible Resources Additional Financial Resources * Additional financial resources required with working capital requirement either from borrowing or investment from investor 2. 1. S. W. O. T ANALYSIS 2. 1. Strengths * Low student-teacher ratio * English as a medium of instruction * Affordable to income group Accessible localization principle for Pakistan steel workers children * Well-trained and pendant teaching staff * Up-to-date and extensive curriculum * Well maintained order and discipline * Environment conducive to joyful learning * Adequate security system measures * Availability of adequate and modern facilities * Contribution to societal development * Weakness * Time required for gaining recognition in the society * Higher rental cost for accessible locations * Insufficient area for playing fields to practice sports such as cricket, hockey etc. * Opportunities * Overall increase in demand, linked with the growing population. * Government incentives and polici es conducive for private investment in * education sector Gap mingled with number of school going age children and actual enrolments in schools * Growing general public awareness (especially in urban areas) about * importance of quality education * Limited access to affordable, quality education. * Minimal calculate allocation by government to education sector * Limited number of government/public schools * Poor facilities in government schools * Threats * New entrants can intimately share the business * Difficulty in retaining qualified teachers * Revival of public/government schools in the future through effective * Government policies and regulations. company info 4. 1 caller-up NameGlowing Pearl Education Center (GPEC) 4. 2 Company logo 4. 3 Company Vision The early Child Hood Development Centre will provide a broad, holistic early childhood education that follows the highest International standards of excellence. The Centres curriculum will be taught by competent early Ch ildhood educators, is designed to help lay strong foundations for a childs continuing education and growth 4. 4 Company Mission Our mission is to develop young men with active and creative minds, a sense of understanding and compassion for others, and the courage to act on their beliefs. We nisus the total development of each child spiritual, moral, ntellectual, social, emotional, and physical . Each child is an individual that all children are creative that all children need to succeed. Therefore, School value the individual needs of children fosters a caring and creative environment and emphasizes the social, emotional, physical, intellectual development of each child. To provide a safe, caring, therapeutic environment where students with psychiatric, educational, and social challenges can best develop the skills and character necessary to rejoin their communities with success. The school will design programs and learning experiences that promote academic achievement and the per sonal and social growth of every student.As a richly diverse community of learners that values all its Members School will provide a safe and productive learning environment in which students can communicate effectively, think critically, solve problems and are technologically literate through a variety of curricular and extra-curricular activities. Through a ambitious sort of study with high standards, students will become amenable learners who can not only work collaboratively, but also be accountable for their own academic and developmental progress. 4. 5 Short term Objectives Year Objectives April 2012- July 2012 * Advertising campaign at first level to introduce our tell on GPEC (Glowing pearl educational center), your child glow as pearl in all among children. Aug 2012- Nov 2012 * By using current resources will establish school * Hiring of helping staff which are trained as Montessori trainer. 4. 6 Long term Objectives Year Objectives Dec 2012- Dec 2015 * We would get 50 % education market share in 3 years * More than 50% people of Gilgat Balistan should be aware of our brand GPEC. in 3 years * 50% people of Gilgat Balistan should be preference to our brand GPEC. in 3 years * We should at least 2 campus (one in Gilgat and other in Diyamer) of our brand GPEC to become market leader in 3 years Jan 2016- Jan 2018 * We would scatter more campus other than Gilgat, we target the Khyber pakhtoon khowan which have more close nvironment and people life style etc * At least 5 campuses open in Khyber pakhtoon khowan during next 3 years. 4. 7 Partner Profile Muniba Islam Expertise Academic Qualification Working start out Working Experience History Najum-us-Sehar Expertise Academic Qualification Working Experience Working Experience History Kanwal Gill Expertise Academic Qualification Working Experience Working Experience History BUSINESS LEVEL STRATEGY 5. 1 Competitor product Detailed Analysis the product feature analysis before conducting the su rvey Features Competitor 1 Competitor 1 Substitute product Our product 5. 2 Survey Questionnaire SummaryThe survey is conducted among 100 peoples Around 73% Around 47% 67% of 33% of businesses uses paper based system 26% using SMS 7% of 20% CHARTS GRAPH MARKETING STRATEGY * Market Segmentation Segmentation changeable a) Geographic City b) Demographic working Woman, Income * There are two broad market-positioning options available to a Montessori School Based on the household income the target market will be middle income group. * Based on the target markets preference, the school will provide quality education at an affordable fee. * Irrespective of the education services, income based target market will play a crucial role in the overall positioning of the school. some(prenominal) entrepreneur planning to open up a Montessori school should first decide upon the objective of the venture. Various options available in this regard may involve * To pla n a Montessori school with emphasis on Daycare services. * To establish a school as a Preparatory School for other reputed Primary Level Schools. * To establish a Montessori School with incremental expansion of services into primary and high school level. * Based on income level, the school can position itself for any of the following three broad income groups THE HIGH INCOME GROUP The upper income group segment is quality and reputation conscious. Most parents of the children enrolled in these schools belong to the divers(prenominal) section of the society i. e. elf-employed businessmen, high paid government or private sector executives. Existing schools in the category charge a fee ranging from Rs. 5,00010,000 per month. These schools are characterized by large custom built campuses, swimming pools, indoor as well as outdoor physical activities areas, and furnished spacious classrooms with heaters and air conditioners. These schools call well designed modern course work, and emp loy highly trained Montessori teachers. MIDDLE CLASS INCOME GROUP Schools in this category normally charge a fee ranging from Rs. 1,500-5,000 per month. These schools cater to children of well-educated and professionally employed parents.The important characteristics of these schools include well located school buildings that may be custom built or rented premises, modern course work adopted by other modern school systems, and comfortable class rooms with some provisions for playing area. low-down INCOME GROUP The concept of Montessori education is not very old in this income bracket however an increasing number of parents in this category have also now started sending their children to these schools. One of the major reasons is that most of the private schools at primary level now do not accept students directly in Class 1. This category of schools charges a monthly fee up to Rs. ,500. These schools have small buildings with little or no provisions for physical activities. KEY ad vantage FACTOR At a Montessori school level, teachers/attendants play a critical role in the success of learning process. Therefore, it is suggested that staff employed by the school should be highly educated and properly trained for Montessori education. Before starting education services, it is recommended that teacher training program should be imparted. In addition to the quality of teachers employed, the teacher student ratio should be kept at a well-researched optimum level. The education curriculum should be well researched and comprehensive.In addition to paper course work, it is suggested that visual and other teaching tools should also be optimally used. Parents are conscious about the well being and safety of their children at schools, therefore, it is suggested that the school environment ensures security and should be free from any apparent hazards. The school should preferably not be located in a highly populated location or at a location with high traffic hazards. The area of the classrooms should be in line with the number of students in each classroom. Moreover, the classrooms should either be air-conditioned or at least well ventilated. Classrooms should also be well equipped with teaching as well as extracurricular practise aids.Adequate provisions for physical, either indoor or outdoor or both facilities should be made available. Continuous teacher parent interaction should also be a regular feature of the school education system. Formal registration is required for the setup of new Montessori and elementary schools 6. 2 Market Targeting a) City protean b) Working Woman REGULATIONS Formal registration is required for the setup of new Montessori and elementary schools with the Executive District Officer (EDO) Education. The application is to be submitted on a prescribed form which can be obtained from the department along with Rs. 5,000 registration fee and Rs. 500 annual subscription.Domestic rates apply on the utility bills if an institu tion is registered with the department. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGMENT position number Monthly salary Annual salary Principal 1 20,000 240,000 Teacher coordinator 1 12,000 144,000 Activity teacher 1 10,000 120,000 Computer teacher 1 12,000 144,000 Teacher play ground 6 10,000 720,000 Teacher KG1 3 10,000 360,000 Teacher KG2 2 10,000 240,000 Class1 1 10,000 120,000 Class2 1 10,000 120,000 Game teacher 1 12,000 144,000 Accountant 1 12,000 144,000 Student attendant 5 10,000 600,000 Guard 2 8,000 192,000 Peon 1 7,000 84,000 cleaner 2 7,000 168,000 PrincipalThe principal should be responsible for coordinating all the activities of the school including the hiring of teachers, developing liaison with the parents, maintaining and developing the brand name of the school for appropriate positioning, course design, admission tests and extracurricular activities. Teachers coordinator An experienced and trained Montessori school teacher is recommended for this post . The Coordinator would be assisting the principal in all school matters. He/she will be responsible for teachers attendance, their functioning and evaluation. He/she has to collaborate with students, parents, staff and volunteers to ensure that group activities run effectively. Supervise and monitor the tutoring of students. Coordinate any special projects to increase coaching awareness among teachers including arrangement guest speakers, visits and workshops. AccountantThe accountant will be responsible for book keeping and maintaining accounts, salaries, and other administrative expenditures. Teachers Experienced teachers or fresh graduates with a natural expertness for teaching should be employed. A balanced mix of experienced and fresh teachers is recommended for efficient running of the school. Each teacher shall be given a class and held responsible for proper training, imparting knowledge, arranging co-curricular activities for the children and their performances in the examinations. Student Attendants The students in the elementary institutes are very young and may also need attendants or baby-sitters. One attendant will be requiring for every two classes. Librarian / Activity TeacherOne person is recommended for running the library and for activity room. Computer Teacher The person should be responsible for the introduction of information technology to the young students and for proper arrangement of students games and basic computer learning. EQUIPMENT REQUIRMENT The details of the different equipment required for the project is given in the following table. EQUIPMENT QUALITY COST PER UNIT TOTAL COST Computers 3 25000 75000 PRINTERS 1 10000 10000 AIR CONDITIONS 3 40000 160000 FAX simple machine 4 12000 12000 TELEPHONE SET 1 10000 4000 UPS 4 7500 22500 TOTAL EQUIPMENT 16 283,500 LAND AND BUILDING AREA REQUIRMENTFor three hundred (300) students, 2. 5 canals of land comprising double story building would be sufficient. A purpose built building may also be purchased. The covered are a should have 13 classrooms, one common room for teachers, one room for principal, one for teacher coordinator and one room for the administration staff. Appropriate numbers of washrooms are suggested for teachers, principal, children and administration staff. A big hall should be allocated with proper divisions for library/ entertainment room, and tools. Space Requirements REQUIRED AREA Class Rooms 6000 Teachers Staff Room 144 subroutine library/Entertainment Room 500 Admin Rooms 575 Computer Class 400Washrooms Kitchen 270 Grounds 6961 Total Covered Area Requirement 14850 Market Segmentation and Targeting graphical Representation . 6. 3 Positioning Perception Map 6. 4 Product Product Information 6. 4. 1 Product Name We offer two different type of product of three different segments which are 1. Child care system which target only one segment which are a. Children Age between 0- 1. 5 years 2. Education development system which target on two segments which are b. Children Age betw een 1. 5- 3. 5 years c. Children Age between 3. 5- 6. 5 years 6. 4. 2 Product Features 6. 5 Price Fixed cost = Rs. Variable cost = Rs. ariable Cost= 0 ( As once software is developed there is no additional overhead involved in licensing the software) No Licenses to be issued=70 Cost Per License Per Year= 764,700 /70= Rs 10,924. 29 Cost Per License Per Month=10,924. 29/12= Rs. 910. 36 Markup Profit Percentage = 10% Profit= 910. 36 * 10% =91. 04 Price Will be Charged= Cost Per License Per Month+ Profit=910. 36 + 91. 04=Rs. 1,001. 4 (approx. 6. 6 Promotional Strategy Promotion type Detail Advertisements in newspapers Company website Facebook 6. 7 Distribution Strategy ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Glowing Pearl Education Center organizational chart CVS accessory I FOR QUESTION Appendix II FOR Budgeting

How Does the Writer Tell the Story in the Road Pages 24-7 Essay

The narrative in Pages 24-7 is based on the main pillowcase taking his son to see the old house he lived in. It consists of generally a sad tone because he is reminiscing his past and how he has lost it all.This breach of the ro troopsce begins neutrally, but with an apocalyptic atmosphere to it, which is demonstrated through the use of no punctuation. McCarthy also uses short sentences through these pages, which gives a robotic sense The man stopped. This persuasion is also reflected in the title The Road almost as if the journey is just on one sort issue path. This takes us away from the blur of the newfangled and brings us to a stark reality, The climax in this part of the novel is when McCarthy describes the characters bedroom, in which he uses detailed description In the nights in their thousands to dream the dreams of a childs imaginings, and then goes on to open the closet door. Again, we are brought back to reality when he expects to see his childhood things and ins tead is faced with raw cold daylight. The page ends circling back to the beginning We shouldnt have come, which is what the boy said at the beginning. Therefore, there is a sense of resolution.The form of these pages is retrospective narrative punctuated by flashbacks over a period of 40 years. As the narrative is from 3rd person perspective, the anonymity of the man prevents a connection being made between the reader and the character. This also suggests that, because his name is never mentioned, a sense of being lost is portrayed. Additionally, the constant flashbacks employ contribute to the idea that the days are blurring together. Again, this adds to the apocalyptic theme because there is no sense of prediction due to the only clear parts of the novel are the moments of reality when we are brought back from the flashbacks. McCarthy does this as an effective way of showing the characters thought process.The main use of language McCarthy uses is to set the negative tone of being in a lost, almost sad and lonely world. Again, he does this by using short, snappy sentences and a lot of the colloquy used includes questioning. This could refer to the boys confusion of the situation, as he seems quite young and nave We should go Papa, can we go? Moreover, this suggests that he unavoidably reassurance, and perhaps that there is a glimmer of hope in the situation, which perhaps could foreshadow to what could happen later on in the novel. We can also involve that the man doesnt want to return from his old home as he agrees to leave but then doesnt, which connotes that he misses how things used to be in his old home. The rhythm in this part of the novel goes on and on through McCarthys use of short sentences and questions, which almost leaves the reader feeling out of breath and as if The Road and its journey is ongoing.In conclusion, McCarthy uses a range of techniques to tell the story from Pages 24-27 to generally contribute to the main themes within the nove l, such as death and the end of the world.

Drama coursework †Response Essay

IntroductionIn our group we came up with lots of similarities in our thought showers. A lot of us described the Witches the same as in the green faces, long noses warts & spots, and there broom sticks.Some differences that our group came up with is that a few of us thought of modern witches, as in a common human being look but with witch features, instead of grisly cats a lot of our group wrote different pet names.Our see has been influenced round the topic by many things e.g. the medias outlook on a stereotypical witch, childrens stories also portray witches with the green faces big hats etcetera which means movies portray it like this. Also from the image created by our ancestors where the apparent witches were being burnt at the stake.Macbeth extract focusing on the outsiderThis role-play brought slightly issues such as how club today guardianships outsiders. How society today is divided into different groups, such as Goths / punks / gangster and take different paths in li fe. We attention the outsiders of society because we fail to understand the logic behind their culture / background. This also brings about racism / religion clashes. In the olden days most of the fear was based around witches because they were conveyed as the biggest outsiders.The storyline of our role-play was about a Gothic boy who was feared & isolated from family & school because of being a Goth. We started the role play with Steven (the gothic boy) being in a school photo where is he is isolated from the rest of the school and because we went into his home life where his parents & siblings make jokes about his appearing and his way of life. We end the play with a twist, where Steven was with all his gothic friends and his little br another(prenominal) (Aaron Tovee) walks ancient Steven and his group of gothic friends and is mocked for being what society would call normal and he is then conveyed as the outsider.We showed closing off in this play from the very first scene. In the first scene we had school photos were Steven (the outsider) was separated a metrical unit away from the rest of the school that were huddled together for the photo. We portrayed an even bigger sense of frustration & isolation by this when the photographer asks Steven to step in the photo and the group moves away from him. The photographer blames Steven and again snaps at Steven to move into the photo. We did this to show how normal society blames the outsider, as if it was unspoiled easier to do so.We also showed isolation at the dinner display board of Stevenss family-home. We showed this by having all his siblings laugh and snigger at him and make comments like drink blood because of his gothic background. We ended that scene with Stevens father shouting at Steven telling him hes not welcome in the home for kicking his sibling under the table (for making the comments) and telling him to get out and hang around with his own kind. This made the whole idea of isolation seem a lot much effective because even his father, he whom he should be very close with, kicks him out of the house belting abuse at the top of his voice just because he is a Goth.We also ended our role-play with a twist on the sense of isolation where Steven is with a group of his Goth friends when his little brother walks past and his little brother feels isolated and afraid because he is the outsider there.The crucibleSome similarities of ideas that we had on the idea of witchcraft from this stimuli went on the lines of how accusations were so quickly throw around in the courtroom, and how everyone believed someone who was called a witch. Most quite a little also thought that it was a fairly racist time and thats why if you was black like the maid in the stimuli the blame was easily put on you. Some differences on the stimuli were about how the accused always showed a sense of fear. How society was so gullible and why the lies were started.In our role play we showed the accusatio n by the same sort of scene as the stimuli. We had it set in a court-room in the olden times whereas the judges verdict was the final, and punishment was death / something incorporating pain. We built hysteria in our role-play by levelling up the amount of people in the courtroom until it was mayhem and chaos with everyone throwing accusations of being a witch to the accused.We marked the moment where the defence is getting shouted at and abused rightfully badly and she gets up and accuses a man from the courtroom audience. We did this by building up the hysteria with everyone standing up shocked, and built up amount of resound slowly to a really loud volume and then when she got up and said Its him we silenced the courtroom immediately so it was just a big awkward silence.Studying this stimulus helped us understand the context at the time because it showed how gullible society was at that time period. An example of this is the item that everyone believed that a person was a wit ch just by someone elses word. The stimulus also shows that there was a big thing about racism in that time. An example of this is where the black woman was blamed for being the witch and beat brutally, the accusation was easily accepted by society because of the colour in of her skin.Forum Theatre.Our class used forum theatre through studying a news article about a woman sacrificing her two babies to Satan. We then used this as a stimulus and did a whole-class courtroom drama, where we would switch places (defence, prosecution, judge, witnesses etc)This was useful to use because it made you think on the spot about the national and it also improved your improvisation skills.Using the court-room drama attached with forum theatre was very useful because reading about just the sacrifice gave you a biased opinion about what really happened. But when we used the courtroom drama we had to act as defence as well so you started sentiment about both sides of the story, and maybe reasons f or why they did it. When playing the witnesses it also opened up that it might not just affect the family it could also affect other people around too.ConclusionMy understanding of the topic has developed through studying the different stimuli a lot because you start to realise that witchcraft isnt all fairytales and childrens books. It can be portrayed through childrens theatre, but also relate to serious events such as when the babies were sacrificed by the bring forth to Satan and such.Studying the different stimuli in different times and cultures developed ourUnderstanding a lot too because you can see that not along ago was it that people actually were killed for being accused of witches, and everything was done through religion, and people believed in God strongly. You can see that science has developed through the ages and changed the thoughts of people today drastically through things such as the theory of evolution, which puts people in 2 minds about the creation of mankin d, and even questions religion. Therefore people arent willing to believe things like witchcraft anymore as it has become abnormal for us to comprehend supernatural things.

Compare and Contrast two major theories of Social Inequality – Can Inequality be eliminated?

A major scheme of inequation is the one propounded by Karl Marx who argues that accessible diversity is not natural exactly stems from the construction of the below the belt capitalist arranging. Marx sees the workers or the proletariat as being exploited for their labour by those that own the means of reapingionMarxists see social inequality as manifested in the fact that workers do not benefit from the wealth that their labour produces instead Marx claims that they atomic number 18 1pauperized. The poorer working clanes get poorer whilst the rich enjoy getting richer this is illustrated by income inequalities all over the world the poorest 20% of people in the USA make up seen their incomes fall by 19% whilst the top 5% saw their incomes rise, in Australia the richest ten per cent of the population owns about half the nations wealth in the USA its over two thirds.A limitation of Marx theories on inequality is that it solely focuses on economic inequality. Many sociologis ts would agree with Marx that economic inequality is the most significant form of inequality at the moment whilst acknowledging that economic inequality and social inequality, as we live in a modern multi- cultural capitalist country are inextricably linked and are affected significantly by gender, racial, religious and ethnic inequality. Ethnic background is both an indicator and factor of social inequality.In Australia for example, Aborigines are over represented in the working class as well as underclass and under-represented in the top stratification of earnings and class. Social inequality thus seems to be a consequence of ascribed precondition of the condition that our skin colour our gender and/or our social class confers on us. Arguably there is scope for social mobility in our current constitution as our ascribed experimental conditiones can be overshadowed by our achieved location especially as we are not generally ascribed to a lower cast iron status at birth that pr events social mobility (unlike the untouchables in the caste system in other cultures) Theoretically we can ascend the social ladder, however low we start, as there is equality of opportunity. This is the view propounded by functionalists such as Davis and Moore. Our achievements in our meritocratic system determine the social position that we hold.Davis and Moore acknowledge that there are perhaps socially unequal jobs yet they are all important for society to function. Thus to maintain society each role aims to be filled so effective role allocation is an essential functional perquisite. However as some jobs require more skills and training than others there is a need for differing social and financial incentives to entice people to undergo extensive training and take up such jobs. Davis and Moore assert that role allocation and thus peoples socio-economic status is fair as it is based on merit, those in the top roles earning the most are those that are best equipped for their ro le. Whilst Marx sees the current system as exploitive Davis and Moore see it and the inequality that accompanies it as legitimate and functionally advantageous to society.Such a theory though, does not take into account gender and racial inequalities or concepts such as culture capital old boys club and the glass ceilingThe culture capital theory suggested by sociologist Pierre Bordieu explains that the education system prises and is geared toward the culture of the middle and upper classes thus those from a working class background find that the skills and knowledge derived within their culture is devalued and they therefore do not have equal opportunities to excel academically which of course restricts their employment choices and socio-economic position in the future. We can see therefore that inequality is institutionalised, as Marx alludes to in the labour mart, and that education is perhaps the first agent of stratification.M. Tumin has also criticised Davis and Moore by cond emning their notion of functional importance as questionable and too vague. It ignores the derived function of power. According to Tumin differences in pay and prestige will be affected by, and often reflect differences in the relative power of groups and individuals in the labour market rather than the jobs actual functional importance. Therefore differences in pay can actually be more a reflection of the relative strength of the workers meat and bargaining potential rather than of functional importance e.g. coal miners and farm labourers.Davis and Moore suggest that inequality is universal as it can be identified in all societies. Such views would suggest that inequality is not eliminable. Marxists ideas contradict this view. Marx claimed that inequality could be eliminated with the development of class consciousness and the abandonment of capitalism however the Soviet communism model proved that in the modern world this was untenable. Equality came at a high price- by the colla pse of communism in 1989 equality had come to mean people simply had equally low living standards. Economic and social equality came at the expense then, of staple human rights, the sociologist jibe Saunders stated socialist societies are2 always more repressive than the capitalist ones since they must get people to fulfil their role without the incentive of economic rewards.However it is surpass that the Soviet system was successful in reducing and even eliminating inequality in many spheres of life. Even if it didnt respect human rights in all cases, it guaranteed basic needs such as housing employment education medical care and even holidays.3The satellite states had embraced capitalism after communism expecting to reap the economic benefits of a capitalist system in fact, living standards actually fell. Russia, after communism rapidly transformed from an almost standardized society to one that was plagued by socio-economic polarisations, according to Goskomstat, the income rat io between the wealthiest 10% of the population and the bottom 10% was about 41 in 1990 by 1996 it had sky rocketed to 131. Womens rights have also regressed significantly in Russia currently approximately 80% of the unemployed in Russia are women.Such evidence seems to support a Marxist poser of inequality as not inevitable but sustained by a capitalist system.Marxists claim that a capitalist society is maintained with divide and rule. Thus when a class stopped being a class in itself and started being a class for itself then the group could roll in the hay their inferior social position, class solidarity would develop as the class recognised their shared interests and goals and they would then act together to displace the bourgeoisie. However because inequality is so multilayered class divisions are easy to maintain as differences in gender and race also generate inequality thus even if class differences were eliminated these would persevere and perhaps increase.Blackness has historically been classed as inferior, perceived inferiority has been harmful since those who see themselves as superior usually hold the legal power and status in the society and can therefore cement in law the inferiority of the blacks or other ethnic groups. Loury calls for4 major structural remedies to speed up progress toward racial equality which will in turn reduce the economic inequality that ethnic minority groups face.The New right perspective argues that social inequality has persisted throughout the ages Saunders states that there has never been a completely egalitarian society. Every society has its male and females, rich and poor its big and small and its old and young. In this absolute sense there is some truth to the assertion that some degree of inequality is inevitable.However inequality itself is unequal it varies with time and culture which validates the theory that inequality is socially constructed and thus can be eliminated. In Britain granted we have moved fr om the stark extremes of inequality of slavery in imperial Britain but only to an acceptable economic and social inequality that is institutionalized within our capitalist system, unequal access is built into the structures that support and maintain our contemporary society.It can be argued that the current degree of inequality is not advantageous to society and a reflection of unequal talents in society as Davis and Moore claim nor is it an inevitable product of the capitalist system as Marxists argue it is a matter of choice. Through the lax way we regulate corporations compared with the harsh regulations placed on workers unions, how we distribute the taxation burden and how we set wages. We limit the power of workers thus limiting their socio-economic position.

Human resources are how a business recruits Essay

Human choices be how a pipeline recruits, retains and manages key features and functions of their employees. If businesses ar to obtain their objectives, they must plan their human resources function so they take over the business number of employees with the decline kinds of qualifications and training to meet the needs of the business.Human resources use different approaches to each(prenominal) the different aspects of human resource planning and c be.Human resource planningBusinesses have to plan cargonfully to ensure that they have the right number of casefulable employees for their needs. To do this they need a good attending of the labour market in the beas where they ope set up.Human resource planning as well shams looking at how labour is organised within the business. A range of factors when making decisions approximately catering from the labour market accommodates* Labour turnover* Sickness and accident pass judgment* Age, Skills and Training* SuccessionI n an ideal world businesses should plan ahead when it comes to human resources. A well-organised business will have forecasts and projections of its future staffing needs. These will then be matched to forecasts and projections about the local labour market, which manner that the business give the axe develop appropriate strategies for the recruitment, training and development of its staff.Recruitment and excerptionRecruitment and selection is a well-worn topic, which is treated fully in all major texts. in that location is always a tension between getting the right person for a hypothesize and how much resource in terms of time and bullion is devoted to recruitment.Businesses recruit staff for a variety of reasons. These can include* The emersion or reconstruction of the business* Changing traffic roles within a business* make full vacancies created by resignation, retirement and dismissal* Internal promotionThe recruitment process can be costly, in terms of resources devo ted to the process and costs associated with recruiting poor performing staff. Therefore, it is important to select accurately mint for interview. Businesses need to be rattling clear about the requirements of the job and about the kind of person they argon looking for. This is d iodin in several ways* Preparing person specifications and job descriptions* Carefully planning how, when and where to proclaim* Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of job applications, curriculum vitae and letters of application* Short-listing candidatesTraining and developmentTraining and development are presently big issues for many businesses in most small-arms of the coun undertake, especially where there are low pass judgment of unemployment. more thanover, more and more businesses are realising that if they fail to invest in training and development they will ferment uncompetitive.Training and development includes the following* Induction training* Mentoring* Coaching* Apprenticeships* I n-House training* External Training* perception of prior learning (RPL) and/or accreditation of prior learning (APL) and accreditation of prior experience and learning (APEL).Performance managementPerformance management refers to different strategies designed to get the best of a business work force. diverse techniques are utilise which attempt to relate performance with pay, or promotion or training. Such schemes are not always popular with workers.The following are methods that businesses use to manage the performance of their employees* Performance reviews including appraisals* Self-evaluation* couple evaluation* Target setting of individuals and groups.The labour MarketSainsburys constantly monitor the labour market to inflict any trends in each sector. They use local and national surveys to gather this information. Information gathered is them allocated to the departments that it would suit the best and what batch are looking for. For example Sainsburys whitethorn be loo king for trained bakers and fishwifes, as it is a rare profession. They may also look to see if anyone may reach this profession with a small amount of training, they may investigate if the opportunity cost of training them is viable.If Sainsburys needed a fishmonger and there was one available then they would have to pay them a decent amount of money to be able to acquire their services. This is because they are quite rare to find and may easily be coaxed into another job with money. They may also try to keep these professionals for a long time in one store so that the job in done with consistency. As sainsburys require a steep standard they may send them to an off site training course to build up their acquaintance of a certain area.Changing features in the market trends makes it hard for firms such(prenominal) as Sainsburys to find the staff they lack for specific hi-skilful jobs. This may because there is an increase in professional and managerial work and a decrease in unsk illed and semi-skilled work. Also heap such as Bakers may have learnt new-sprung(prenominal) skills to enter different particles of the labour market. For example a Baker may have had enough of his job, interpreted an evening class in management, gained qualifications other than baking and joined a more managerial part of the team.Sainsburys need to look hard at the staff they acquire from agencies and applications and think hard about if it would be worth training them up for a specific job. They have to pick them up at scarce the right time. This means that they have to get them before they go elsewhere exactly have to be wary of them getting trained at great expense to sainsburys and then leaving for a job with better job satisfaction or better money. They have t get the balance exactly right un little it could stress costly.If Sainsburys employ new staff they may have to restructure the departments, this may prove popular with some staff but unpopular with others. Sainsb urys have to think about management structures suitable flatter as a result of great development of responsibilities and how hierarchies are being replaced by team working.Demographics show that the UK workforce is aging. This can be recognisen as a good aspect but also as a bad one.Some receiptss of having an ageing workforce are that* They k directly their job inside out and know how to deal with certain situations.* They have plenty of experience and may be able to offer light on problems which younger staff may have never encountered before.* It may be more reassuring to the customer to see an well experienced person doing the job or else then a young face straight out of school.Some disadvantages of having an ageing workforce are that* As volume get older they may be more susceptible to illness and take more time off.* With new computer equipment they may have to be sent on an big-ticket(prenominal) training course to learn new ways of working.* They may not be as prom pt as younger staff as they are happy with their jobs and realise that they may not be doing it much longer. They may also not want to go for promotions, as they do not want to be bothered with the stress of the modern workplace.There is a steady decline in elemental and manufacturing sectors and an increase in service sector employment.This may work in sainsburys favour as they have positions for all sorts of people in all different sectors. There are a lot of people wanting to do the jobs where you do not need as much experience such as till manning and shelf stacking but they also have inhabit for people with experience such as the butchers and bakers. As there is such a lot of people wanting to take on the less experience needed jobs the employees in these positions have to try and make a good impression and try hard as they know that there is always someone around the corner waiting for their job. This may boost Sainsburys productivity and customer relations.There are increas ing numbers of women being qualified in previously mans work. More and more women are being trained as butchers and fishmongers. Women are now holding more high skilled positions now also, for example it would not be uncommon to hold to see the manager and a women to walk out and speak to you. This may seem strange to older generations who may still believe that it should be a mans job.The education and training system is undergoing a change. There has been a major expansion in march on and high education and the development of more limber vocational training structures. This go forths more part-time and mature students to gain higher(prenominal) qualifications. This may also allow them to train whilst working, improving there skills for an in-house vacancy. Part-time students make up a large proportion of Sainsburys workforce. This is because they can work flexible hours and are willing to learn.They may also not mind doing low skilled jobs as they need the money and know that they may not be doing that job forever as they are studying at a high level, having these people on their books may be an advantage to Sainsburys as if they are good they may placed in the running for higher positions. When they finish their higher education weather it be A-Levels or Degree they may give them a chance to affect up the ladder. This may seem promising to the employee who already has friends there and knows the set up. They may also wish it as it saves them the hassle of finding a completely new job.The sectors that are forecast to expand are those, which have grown since the early 1980s. The exception is construction, where employment is forecast to fall 4.2%. The largest absolute increase in employment is in public services. The majority of new jobs are to be in education and health, which is an area, which has seen authoritative growth since the early 1980s. Financial and Business services are expected to show the fastest persona growth. Business services are e xpected to be the strongest performer in this sector with employment growth at 2.5% per year whilst a fall is forecast in fiscal services. Manufacturing is set to see further productivity gains, which may lead to falls in unemployment.Norwichs Economy* One third of all the jobs in Norfolk are within the Norwich city council area. This totals up to 94,000 people.* Half the jobs in Norfolk are within the greater Norwich area. Employment in Norwich has grown over the last 6 years, but more slowly than the UK as a whole.* Over 90% of Norwich companies employ less than 50 people but over half(a) of the Norwich workforce are employed in the 66 largest companies and organisations such as Norwich Union and Mash.* More than 50,000 people travel into Norwich each day to work, from the surrounding area.* The average earnings of full-time employees in Norwich (Excluding overtime) are just over 10 per hour, which is below the national average of 11.18 per hour.* Between 1995 and 2000 employment grew fastest in financial services, public sector and construction.* In the next few years most jobs are likely to be created within Norwich in business services, hotels and catering, retailing, banking and insurance and construction. There will be a long-term shoot for construction skills creating sustainable jobs.* Tourism is growing fast and currently provides 5,600 jobs in NorwichTrends in employment 1997-2007(predictions)19972007increase involvement of WomenFemale share of total employment46.5%48.2%Female share of employees in employment49.7%51.7%More Working part-timePart-time share of employees in employment29.1%31.2%More self-employedSelf employed share of total employment13.0%15.2%Supply and Demand graph for remuneration RatesSWR1 WR = employRateSk = SkillsWRD2DSk Sk1As you can see as the demand for high skilled people goes up so does the wages they will be getting paid.Supply of LabourS2SWR = WageWR2 RateL = LabourWRDL2 LIf the supply of labour decreases then the wage rate will increase.Minimum Wage rateSWR2WR1DQ2 Q1If a minimum wage is introduced which is higher than the wage rate the demand for labour fallsTraining and DevelopmentThe aim of training a person is to permanently change their ability. Improving their knowledge, experience and skills does this.To start you off at Sainsburys you are effrontery an induction. This tells you the basics of your job and allows you to do it. Induction programmes are designed to familiarise new recruits with the layout, security systems and about health and safety within the company. To inspire new recruits they may be introduced to key personnel.Sainsburys hold form _or_ system of government interviews, one review happens at 3 weeks, one at 7 weeks and then again at 11 weeks. Sainsburys holds in-house training and coaching in each branch. They also have a How well and I doing? handbook which they give to each employee. This can map out paths and set targets, different for each section on the company. The targets set are* Measurable* Specific* Time-related* Agreed* RealisticThese are set at 6-month periods.The workbooks, which are used for technical training, coach trainees on a specific part of their job. They help them understand what they have got to do and how they have got to do it. For example training for a checkout operator may be given on a dummy checkout and they on a real one serving customers but with supervision.Each store trains its own staff at their job training centres are used for external training, which may be specific to a persons job such as health and safety or food hygiene. These parts of training may also involve passing an exam and gaining a qualification. The in store training organiser may not be qualified to teach this. External training may also occur when the trainee is learning a specializer subject. For example a fishmonger may be sent to a special training-centre especially for fishmongers. I believe that Sainsburys send their head fishmongers to a centre in London.Sainsburys also has a training room where training videos are shown to trainees. These may be in general subjects such as customer relations. This is very handy as videos can be shown to a trainee as many times as it takes and at very little cost. Also the audience can be selected and many trained at a time. Sainsburys also has a computer on which there are training programs, these give training and also provide a test, which they have to pass.